Что значит накопительный счет в сбербанке под 3 процента годовых

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\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u00bb \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.

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\u041d\u0430 1 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 36,9 \u0442\u0440\u043b\u043d \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2013 4,9 \u0442\u0440\u043b\u043d \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0417\u0430 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u2013 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 827,6 \u043c\u043b\u0440\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.

\u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439:
\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430);
2 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439; \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0444\u0443\u0440\u0442-\u043d\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f);
88 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 (87 \u2013 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0424, 1 \u2013 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0414\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f);
12 921 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441;
543 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430;
287 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439;
85 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430.

\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 18 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0421\u041d\u0413, \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 (Sberbank Europe AG, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 Volksbank International), \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 (Sberbank (Switzerland) AG \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a CIB), \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a Sberbank Direct) \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d.

\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b:
\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 50,00% + 1 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f;
\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u2013 50,00% \u2013 1 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f.

\u0414\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 44,37% (\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 30.03.2021 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043e 816 \u0442\u044b\u0441. (\u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432).

\u041d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c), \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u044c\u044f\u043d, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0444, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0441, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0443\u043a, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c \u041e\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043e\u0432, \u042d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0410\u0445\u043e, \u041d\u0430\u0434\u044f \u0423\u044d\u043b\u043b\u0441, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u043d\u044c\u0435.

\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0444 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442), \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0445\u0438\u043d, \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0446, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0441, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432, \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0410\u043b\u044b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e.

\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438.\u0440\u0443

\u0422\u0435\u043b.: (495) 665-52-55 (\u0434\u043e\u0431. 489)

\u041f\u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u2013 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u041d\u0413 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433. \u0412 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0420\u0424 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0432 50% \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0420\u0424 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 40% \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a. «,»banki_reference_part1_eng»:»

The history of Sberbank of Russia dates back from the nominal decree of Russian Emperor Nicholas I of Russia dated 1841 about the establishment of savings banks, the first of which was opened in Saint Petersburg in 1842. 150 years after that \u2014 in 1987 \u2014 specialized Bank of Labor Savings and Public Lending \u2014 Sberbank of the USSR, which also provided corporate services, was incorporated on the basis of state-owned labor savings banks. Sberbank of the USSR comprised 15 republican banks, including Russian Republican Bank. \r\n\r\n

At present, the Bank of Russia is still the lender’s controlling shareholder (the regulator holds 52.32% of the bank’s charter capital). The lender’s minority shareholders are over 226,000 businesses and individuals, including foreign institutional investors that hold 47.68% of the bank’s shares. The bank’s common and preferred shares have been listed on Russian stock exchanges since 1996. The lender’s ADRs are listed on the London Stock Exchange, trade on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and on the US OTC market. \r\n\r\n

The largest Russian lending institution runs three subsidiary banks in the CIS member states (Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus) and three subsidiaries in Europe (Sberbank Europe AG, headquartered in Austria (established on the basis of Volksbank International AG, which Sberbank acquired in 2012, the bank operates a network comprising nine subsidiary banks in eight Central and Eastern Europe (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Ukraine)), DenizBank\u00a0A.\u00a0S. in Turkey (99.85% of the stock also bought in 2012) and Sberbank (Switzerland) AG with headquarters in Zurich. Moreover, Sberbank runs representative offices in China and Germany, and a branch in India. The DenizBank acquisition was wrapped up in September 2012, becoming the biggest purchase in more than 170 years of the bank’s history. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In 2012, Sberbank closed the acquisition of investment company Troika Dialog (it was transformed into a corporate investment unit, Sberbank CIB, while retail lender Troika Dialog was sold to a group of private investors in the fall of 2013). Also in 2012, Sberbank closed the transaction to buy from French banking group BNP Paribas a majority interest in the latter’s subsidiary Russian retail bank (presently the JV operates as Cetelem Bank, with Sberbank holding a 74% stake). \n

A historically established wide regional network (nearly 17,500 units in 83 constituent entities of Russia, covering 11 time zones) contributes to the bank’s success on the retail lending market. The bank currently provides services to 110 mln customers, or more than half of the country’s population), with around 11 mln served abroad. Sberbank also aggressively rolls out its applications Mobile Bank and Sberbank Online with an impressive client base each comprising of over 30 mln active users. Sberbank accounts for 38.7% of all retail loans granted and nearly a third of corporate loans in Russia. In 2012, Sberbank outran Bank Russian Standard, the former leader in the credit card segment. \r\n\r\n

Sberbank of Russia serves all groups of corporate customers. Small and mid-sized businesses account for roughly a third of Sberbank’s corporate credit portfolio. The bank also offers deposit products, settlement services, project, trade and export finance options, money management services and other primary banking products. \r\n\r\n

From January through October 2017 the bank’s net assets increased by 3.5%, or by Rub 794.6 bln in absolute terms, to Rub 23.5 tln as of early November 2017. On the liabilities side, considerable growth in absolute terms was recorded in the bank’s capital calculated under the CBR methodology (up Rub 447.8 bln), while the biggest relative increase was seen in the bank’s bonds issued (nearly doubled (+ Rub 54.8 bln)). Specifically, the lender placed exchange-traded bonds worth Rub 40 bln, the biggest bonded loan on record, in October 2017. Customer funds rose marginally on the back of short-term retail deposits (3\u20146 months) and balances held on corporate settlement accounts. On the assets side, the credit portfolio increased the most (+6.5% since year-start 2017), while absolute growth of the retail credit portfolio (up Rub 406.1 bln) slightly lagged behind the corporate credit portfolio (a rise of Rub 552.5 bln). The lender expanded its securities portfolio by nearly 20% (up Rub 399.3 bln). Meanwhile, high-liquidity assets and other asset items decreased accordingly (all together by more than Rub 500 bln). \r\n\r\n

Leadership positions in the bank’s liabilities traditionally fall to funds held on accounts and deposit accounts of households (48.3% of liabilities vs. 49.7% in early 2017), with another quarter falling to balances held on settlement and deposit accounts of corporate customers. Equity (capital and provisions) accounts for roughly 14%, funds drawn (inter-bank loans) constitute 3.5% of net liabilities, and less than 1% falls to the securities issued by the bank. \r\n\r\n

As of November 1, 2017 67% of net assets fell to the credit portfolio, 70% of which are loans issued to businesses and institutions, with NPLs reported at 2.7% under RAS (have risen slightly YTD). Also, the credit portfolio primarily consists of long-term loans (extended for 12M+). \r\n\r\n

Besides, 10.6% of the lender’s assets are the securities portfolio (consisting mainly of bonds). It should be noted that Sberbank is the biggest Russian holder of government securities (worth nearly Rub 1.3 tln as of the balance sheet date) which account for more than half of its portfolio. Cash and funds held on correspondent accounts (including at the Bank of Russia) form the core of high-liquidity assets and account for 6.4% of net assets. \r\n\r\n

The bank both lends and borrows on the inter-bank lending market, offering and drawing excess liquidity on a monthly basis. \r\n\r\n

The lending institution’s 9M17 RAS net profit totaled Rub 559.9 bln. The reading exceeded not only the year-ago indicator (Rub 429.8 bln), but also FY16 net profit (Rub 517 bln). \r\n\r\n

The Supervisory Board: Sergey Ignatiev (chairman), Alexey Kudrin, Georgy Luntovsky, German Gref, Sergey Shvetsov, Olga Skorobogatova, Maxim Oreshkin, Leonid Boguslavsky, Gennady Melikian, Martin Gilman, Nadia Wells, Vladimir Mau, and Esko Aho. \r\n\r\n\r\n

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